Items

• Senator Johnnie Walls Jr. interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Sen. Johnnie Walls Jr. served on the Mississippi State Senate from 1993-2010. He details the strides made in the Senate for the HBCUs and other institutions in the state. He points to key situations and circumstances that show Robert Clark’s integrity and his influence and thanks him for his leadership of the Black caucus and his mentorship.
• Rev. Horace L. Buckley interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rev. Horace L. Buckley was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1975 to a four year term. In the interview, he reflects on his time in politics and working with Robert Clark. He also discusses what made him run for a representative seat as a pastor, and the connections he made within the church community and the legislature.
• Representative Charles Young Sr. interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rep. Charles Young Sr. served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1980 until his death in 2009. He explains how Robert Clark was a mentor for him and those elected before him. While detailing his own campaign strategy for 1980, he talks about the calculated and aggressive nature of Robert Clark’s campaign and the effect it had on him.
• Representative David Gibbs interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rep. David Gibbs served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1992 until his death in 2013. In this interview, Gibbs discusses how he became involved in Mississippi politics. Heavily influenced by his military service, Gibbs explains his campaign strategies and his work with other notable politicians such as Robert Clark and Aaron Henry.
• Representative Thomas Lamar Woods interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rep. Thomas Lamar Woods served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1988–2012. Robert Clark eventually appointed him to the Ways and Means committee. Rep. Woods discusses his district’s makeup, bills he supported with Robert Clark, and Clark’s famous fox hunts.
• Representative Leonard Morris interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rep. Leonard Morris served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1993 until his death in 2007. He was head of the House Medicaid Committee. In this interview, Rep. Morris explains the nature of the Black Caucus and his time working with Henry Kirksey, Robert Clark, Ed Blackmon, and other notable Black Mississippi politicians.
• Senator Alice Vernado Harden interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Sen. Alice Varnado Harden served in the Mississippi State Senate from 1988 until her death in 2012. She talks about her work with Robert Clark and the Mississippi Black Caucus. She also discusses the many issues she lobbied for as an elected official and her relationships with other members in the state legislature.
• Mayor Philip Curtis West interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Mayor Phillip Curtis West returned to Mississippi from Chicago in 1964 to become involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Becoming involved with the NAACP at Alcorn State University led him to eventually end up in Mississippi politics, being elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1997 and Mayor of Natchez, Mississippi in 2004.
• Representative Alyce Griffin Clarke interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Sen. Alyce Griffin Clarke served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1984-2004. She talks about her work in education before running for office in 1984. She also discusses Robert Clark’s passion for education, the different committees she is involved in, the Institute of Higher Learning, and more.
• Senator David L. Jordan interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Senator David L. Jordan began serving on the Mississippi State Senate in 1993 and has been serving for 31 years. He recounts growing up on a plantation in Greenwood, Mississippi. The interview focuses on the work he did with Robert Clark in the Mississippi Legislature to support and obtain funds for Historically Black Colleges.
• Fred L. Banks interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Fred Banks Jr. served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1976-1985 and Circuit Judge for the 7th Circuit District from 1985-1981. He details his experiences in the state legislature and his journey running for office. He also describes the early beginnings of the Mississippi Black Caucus and his mentorship under Robert Clark.
• Johnny Palmer interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Johnny Palmer was appointed in 1980 as the first Black sergeant at arms at the Mississippi State Capitol. He had worked at the House as a maintenance and inventory supervisor since 1959. He details the challenges that Robert Clark faced and also talks about the dynamics that the presidents of the major Black colleges had with the House.
• Supervisor Douglas Anderson interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Douglas Anderson served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1976-1980 and the state Senate from 1980-1992. He was one the first four African Americans elected to the Mississippi Legislature in the 20th century, after Robert Clark in 1967. He details his experiences while on various committees and working with Robert Clark.
• Representative Mary Stevens interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Rep. Mary Stevens served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1981-2012 and was the mayor of West, Mississippi for eight years. She has close ties to Robert Clark and speaks on her experiences in the Mississippi Legislature, serving on several committees such as Public Health and Appropriations.
• Senator Willie Simmons interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston

  Sen. Willie Simmons served in the Mississippi Senate from 1993 to 2020. He details the opposition and challenges he faced while fighting for education reform and better treatment of the Black colleges in Mississippi. He looks at his career retrospectively and ponders over how he would like to be remembered.
• John Heyman interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  John Heyman was a lifelong human rights activist and philanthropist. He speaks on getting an education at the Columbia School of Social Work and also his years majoring in government. He discusses his involvement with the Civil Rights Movement by funding Civil Rights organizations in the South when he was the CEO of the New York Foundation.
• Dr. Kenneth Dean interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Dr. Kenneth Dean was Executive Director of the Mississippi Council on Human Relations from 1965-1971. In 1971, he helped form a racially integrated group, New South, that led local Jackson, Mississippi TV station WLBT to be the first integrated news channel in the country. In the interview, he discusses his wide range of civil rights activities.
• Margaret Block interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Margaret Block joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1962. In this interview, she discusses her involvement with the Civil Rights Movement, her contribution to voting rights working with SNCC and creating citizenship schools, and the struggles that she and her colleagues underwent to accomplish some of their goals.
• Ed Perry interviewed by Dr. Emanuel J. Abston, Audio/Transcript.

  Ed Perry served as a Democrat in the Mississippi Legislature from 1968-2000, later serving as House Clerk for 4 years. In this interview Mr. Perry discusses his educational background and how he landed in the Mississippi government and his experiences working with Robert Clark.